Hardening round 2: healthcheck, audit anchor, return_4h, exec config, signals

Sei interventi MEDIA priorità sul sistema. 323 test pass, mypy strict
pulito, ruff clean.

1. Docker HEALTHCHECK + cerbero-bite healthcheck:
   - nuovo subcommand che esce 0 se kill_switch=0 e last_health_check
     entro --max-staleness-s (default 600s);
   - HEALTHCHECK direttiva nel Dockerfile (60s interval, 5s timeout,
     start_period 120s, retries 3);
   - healthcheck definition nel docker-compose.yml.

2. Audit hash chain anti-truncation:
   - migration 0002: nuova colonna system_state.last_audit_hash;
   - AuditLog accetta callback on_append, dependencies.py la wire al
     repository.set_last_audit_hash;
   - Orchestrator.boot verifica che il tail file matcha l'anchor
     persistito; mismatch → kill switch CRITICAL.

3. return_4h bootstrap da deribit get_historical:
   - quando dvol_history è vuoto _fetch_return_4h cade su
     deribit.historical_close (1h candle 4h fa);
   - alert LOW se anche il fallback fallisce.

4. execution.environment + execution.eur_to_usd in strategy.yaml:
   - ExecutionConfig promosso a typed schema con i due campi
     consumati al boot;
   - CLI start preferisce i valori da config; CLI flag overridano
     solo quando differenti dai default.

5. Cycle correlation ID:
   - structlog.contextvars.bind_contextvars in run_entry/run_monitor/
     run_health propaga cycle_id e cycle nei log strutturati.

6. SIGTERM/SIGINT clean shutdown:
   - run_forever installa loop.add_signal_handler per SIGTERM e
     SIGINT; il segnale set()ta un asyncio.Event che termina il
     blocco principale, scheduler.shutdown e ctx.aclose finalizzano.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

Dockerfile

@@ -48,5 +48,11 @@ RUN mkdir -p /app/data/log /app/data/backups \
     && chown -R bite:bite /app
 
 USER bite
+
+# The healthcheck rides on the same Click entrypoint: it queries the
+# SQLite singleton and exits 0/1 based on kill_switch + last_health_check.
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=60s --timeout=5s --start-period=120s --retries=3 \
+    CMD ["cerbero-bite", "healthcheck", "--db", "/app/data/state.sqlite"]
+
 ENTRYPOINT ["cerbero-bite"]
 CMD ["status"]

docker-compose.yml

@@ -48,6 +48,13 @@ services:
       CERBERO_BITE_MCP_PORTFOLIO_URL: http://mcp-portfolio:9018
     volumes:
       - bite-data:/app/data
+    healthcheck:
+      test:
+        ["CMD", "cerbero-bite", "healthcheck", "--db", "/app/data/state.sqlite"]
+      interval: 60s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 3
+      start_period: 120s
     # Default command runs the engine status check; override with the
     # CLI subcommand of choice (start, ping, dry-run, ...).
     command: ["status"]

src/cerbero_bite/cli.py

@@ -123,6 +123,69 @@ def status(db: Path) -> None:
     )
 
 
+@main.command()
+@click.option(
+    "--db",
+    type=click.Path(dir_okay=False, path_type=Path),
+    default=_DEFAULT_DB_PATH,
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--max-staleness-s",
+    type=int,
+    default=600,
+    show_default=True,
+    help=(
+        "Maximum age (seconds) of last_health_check before the engine is "
+        "considered unhealthy. Used by Docker HEALTHCHECK."
+    ),
+)
+def healthcheck(db: Path, max_staleness_s: int) -> None:
+    """Exit 0 if the engine is healthy, 1 otherwise.
+
+    The check is intentionally conservative:
+
+    * the SQLite file must exist and be readable,
+    * ``system_state.kill_switch`` must be 0,
+    * ``system_state.last_health_check`` must not be older than
+      ``--max-staleness-s`` seconds.
+
+    Wired as the container HEALTHCHECK in ``Dockerfile``.
+    """
+    if not db.exists():
+        console.print("[red]unhealthy[/red]: state.sqlite missing")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    try:
+        conn = connect_state(db)
+        try:
+            run_migrations(conn)
+            sys_state = Repository().get_system_state(conn)
+        finally:
+            conn.close()
+    except Exception as exc:
+        console.print(f"[red]unhealthy[/red]: {type(exc).__name__}: {exc}")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    if sys_state is None:
+        console.print("[red]unhealthy[/red]: system_state singleton missing")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    if sys_state.kill_switch == 1:
+        console.print(
+            f"[red]unhealthy[/red]: kill switch armed "
+            f"reason={sys_state.kill_reason!r}"
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    age = (datetime.now(UTC) - sys_state.last_health_check).total_seconds()
+    if age > max_staleness_s:
+        console.print(
+            f"[red]unhealthy[/red]: last_health_check stale "
+            f"({age:.0f}s > {max_staleness_s}s)"
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+    console.print(f"[green]healthy[/green] last_check_age={age:.0f}s")
+
+
 def _engine_options(func: Callable[..., Any]) -> Callable[..., Any]:
     """Common options for the engine commands."""
     decorators = [
@@ -181,14 +244,29 @@ def _build_orchestrator(
 ) -> Orchestrator:
     loaded = load_strategy(strategy_path, enforce_hash=enforce_hash)
     token = load_token(path=token_file)
+    # Strategy file values win over the CLI defaults; explicit overrides
+    # via env-style values (CLI flags) still apply when the user provides
+    # them — Click signals "default" via Click's resilient_parsing flag,
+    # but for now the CLI value is treated as authoritative when it
+    # differs from the documented default to keep the surface small.
+    cfg_env = loaded.config.execution.environment
+    cfg_fx = loaded.config.execution.eur_to_usd
+    chosen_env = (
+        environment if environment != "testnet" or cfg_env == "testnet" else cfg_env
+    )
+    chosen_fx = (
+        Decimal(str(eur_to_usd))
+        if eur_to_usd != 1.075
+        else cfg_fx
+    )
     return make_orchestrator(
         cfg=loaded.config,
         endpoints=load_endpoints(),
         token=token,
         db_path=db,
         audit_path=audit,
-        expected_environment=environment,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        expected_environment=chosen_env,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-        eur_to_usd=Decimal(str(eur_to_usd)),
+        eur_to_usd=chosen_fx,
     )
 
 

src/cerbero_bite/config/schema.py

@@ -203,7 +203,18 @@ class _LooseSection(BaseModel):
     model_config = ConfigDict(frozen=True, extra="allow")
 
 
-class ExecutionConfig(_LooseSection): ...
+class ExecutionConfig(BaseModel):
+    """Runtime execution settings consumed by the orchestrator.
+
+    The remaining knobs (initial_limit, reprice_step_ticks, …) live as
+    extra fields validated lazily — they will graduate to typed fields
+    when the order-management layer needs them.
+    """
+
+    model_config = ConfigDict(frozen=True, extra="allow")
+
+    environment: Literal["testnet", "mainnet"] = "testnet"
+    eur_to_usd: Decimal = Field(default=Decimal("1.075"))
 
 
 class MonitoringConfig(_LooseSection): ...

src/cerbero_bite/runtime/dependencies.py

@@ -103,7 +103,23 @@ def build_runtime(
     finally:
         conn.close()
 
-    audit_log = AuditLog(audit_path)
+    def _persist_audit_anchor(line_hash: str) -> None:
+        """Mirror the latest audit chain hash into ``system_state``.
+
+        Best-effort: if SQLite is locked by another writer the audit
+        log itself is still consistent, the anchor will catch up on
+        the next append.
+        """
+        anchor_conn = connect(db_path)
+        try:
+            with transaction(anchor_conn):
+                repository.set_last_audit_hash(anchor_conn, hex_hash=line_hash)
+        except Exception:  # pragma: no cover — durability is best-effort
+            pass
+        finally:
+            anchor_conn.close()
+
+    audit_log = AuditLog(audit_path, on_append=_persist_audit_anchor)
     kill_switch = KillSwitch(
         connection_factory=lambda: connect(db_path),
         repository=repository,

src/cerbero_bite/runtime/monitor_cycle.py

@@ -154,13 +154,19 @@ def _option_type_from_name(name: str) -> PutOrCall:
 
 
 async def _fetch_return_4h(ctx: RuntimeContext, *, now: datetime) -> Decimal:
-    """Compute ETH 4h return from the locally stored dvol_history snapshots.
+    """Compute ETH 4h return.
 
-    The orchestrator records a snapshot at the start of every monitor
+    Resolution order:
-    cycle (see :func:`run_monitor_cycle`); this helper reads the most
+
-    recent snapshot at least 3.5h old and computes ``(now / past) - 1``.
+    1. local ``dvol_history`` snapshot at least 3h30 old (recorded by
-    Returns 0 if no historical sample is available — in that branch the
+       previous monitor cycles);
-    orchestrator emits a LOW alert about insufficient history.
+    2. Deribit ``get_historical`` 1h candles 4h ago — bootstrap when
+       SQLite has no recent sample (first cycle after a fresh
+       container, or after long downtime).
+
+    Returns ``0`` only when both sources fail; in that case the
+    monitor cycle emits a LOW alert and exit_decision falls back to
+    HOLD on the adverse-move trigger.
     """
     cutoff = now - timedelta(hours=3, minutes=30)
     floor = now - timedelta(hours=8)
@@ -174,13 +180,30 @@ async def _fetch_return_4h(ctx: RuntimeContext, *, now: datetime) -> Decimal:
         ).fetchone()
     finally:
         conn.close()
-    if row is None:
+    if row is not None:
-        return Decimal("0")
+        past_spot = Decimal(str(row[1]))
-    past_spot = Decimal(str(row[1]))
+        if past_spot != 0:
-    if past_spot == 0:
+            spot_now = await ctx.deribit.index_price_eth()
+            return spot_now / past_spot - Decimal("1")
+
+    # Fallback: ask Deribit for the 4h candle close.
+    try:
+        past_close = await ctx.deribit.historical_close(
+            instrument="ETH-PERPETUAL",
+            start=now - timedelta(hours=5),
+            end=now - timedelta(hours=3, minutes=30),
+            resolution="1h",
+        )
+    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover — defensive, surface as LOW alert
+        past_close = None
+    if past_close is None or past_close == 0:
+        await ctx.alert_manager.low(
+            source="monitor_cycle",
+            message="no return_4h sample available (history empty + bootstrap failed)",
+        )
         return Decimal("0")
     spot_now = await ctx.deribit.index_price_eth()
-    return spot_now / past_spot - Decimal("1")
+    return spot_now / past_close - Decimal("1")
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

src/cerbero_bite/runtime/orchestrator.py

@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from decimal import Decimal
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Literal
+from uuid import uuid4
 
+import structlog
 from apscheduler.schedulers.asyncio import AsyncIOScheduler
 
 from cerbero_bite.config.mcp_endpoints import McpEndpoints
@@ -29,6 +31,7 @@ from cerbero_bite.runtime.lockfile import EngineLock
 from cerbero_bite.runtime.monitor_cycle import MonitorCycleResult, run_monitor_cycle
 from cerbero_bite.runtime.recovery import recover_state
 from cerbero_bite.runtime.scheduler import JobSpec, build_scheduler
+from cerbero_bite.state import connect as connect_state
 
 __all__ = ["Orchestrator"]
 
@@ -82,6 +85,7 @@ class Orchestrator:
     async def boot(self) -> _BootResult:
         """Reconcile state, verify environment, run a first health probe."""
         when = self._ctx.clock()
+        await self._verify_audit_anchor(now=when)
         await recover_state(self._ctx, now=when)
 
         info = await self._ctx.deribit.environment_info()
@@ -111,22 +115,70 @@ class Orchestrator:
     # Cycle invocations (used by scheduler jobs and CLI dry-run)
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+    async def _verify_audit_anchor(self, *, now: datetime) -> None:  # noqa: ARG002
+        """Compare the audit log tail with the SQLite anchor.
+
+        ``now`` is accepted for symmetry with the other ``boot``
+        helpers but unused: the comparison is purely between the
+        in-memory tail hash and the value persisted on the previous
+        run.
+        """
+        conn = connect_state(self._ctx.db_path)
+        try:
+            state = self._ctx.repository.get_system_state(conn)
+        finally:
+            conn.close()
+        if state is None or state.last_audit_hash is None:
+            return  # first boot, nothing to compare against
+        actual_tail = self._ctx.audit_log.last_hash
+        if actual_tail != state.last_audit_hash:
+            await self._ctx.alert_manager.critical(
+                source="orchestrator.boot",
+                message=(
+                    f"audit log anchor mismatch: anchor="
+                    f"{state.last_audit_hash[:12]}…, file tail="
+                    f"{actual_tail[:12]}… — possible tampering or truncation"
+                ),
+                component="safety.audit_log",
+            )
+
     async def run_entry(
         self, *, now: datetime | None = None
     ) -> EntryCycleResult:
-        return await run_entry_cycle(
+        cycle_id = str(uuid4())
-            self._ctx, eur_to_usd_rate=self._eur_to_usd, now=now
+        token = structlog.contextvars.bind_contextvars(
+            cycle="entry", cycle_id=cycle_id
         )
+        try:
+            return await run_entry_cycle(
+                self._ctx, eur_to_usd_rate=self._eur_to_usd, now=now
+            )
+        finally:
+            structlog.contextvars.reset_contextvars(**token)
 
     async def run_monitor(
         self, *, now: datetime | None = None
     ) -> MonitorCycleResult:
-        return await run_monitor_cycle(self._ctx, now=now)
+        cycle_id = str(uuid4())
+        token = structlog.contextvars.bind_contextvars(
+            cycle="monitor", cycle_id=cycle_id
+        )
+        try:
+            return await run_monitor_cycle(self._ctx, now=now)
+        finally:
+            structlog.contextvars.reset_contextvars(**token)
 
     async def run_health(
         self, *, now: datetime | None = None
     ) -> HealthCheckResult:
-        return await self._health.run(now=now)
+        cycle_id = str(uuid4())
+        token = structlog.contextvars.bind_contextvars(
+            cycle="health", cycle_id=cycle_id
+        )
+        try:
+            return await self._health.run(now=now)
+        finally:
+            structlog.contextvars.reset_contextvars(**token)
 
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Scheduler lifecycle
@@ -191,8 +243,14 @@ class Orchestrator:
         """Boot, acquire the single-instance lock, install the scheduler.
 
         ``lock_path`` defaults to ``<db_path.parent>/.lockfile`` so two
-        containers cannot trade against the same SQLite file.
+        containers cannot trade against the same SQLite file. SIGTERM
+        and SIGINT are intercepted so Docker (or the operator) can
+        signal a clean shutdown — the scheduler is stopped, in-flight
+        cycles complete, the audit log fsyncs, and the HTTP client is
+        closed before the process exits.
         """
+        import signal  # noqa: PLC0415  — only needed by run_forever
+
         lock = EngineLock(
             lock_path or self._ctx.db_path.parent / ".lockfile"
         )
@@ -201,8 +259,28 @@ class Orchestrator:
                 await self.boot()
                 scheduler = self.install_scheduler()
                 scheduler.start()
+                stop_event = asyncio.Event()
+
+                def _on_signal(signame: str) -> None:
+                    _log.info("received %s — initiating shutdown", signame)
+                    stop_event.set()
+
+                loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+                for sig_name in ("SIGTERM", "SIGINT"):
+                    sig = getattr(signal, sig_name, None)
+                    if sig is None:  # pragma: no cover — Windows fallback
+                        continue
+                    try:
+                        loop.add_signal_handler(
+                            sig, _on_signal, sig_name
+                        )
+                    except NotImplementedError:  # pragma: no cover
+                        # Some sandboxes (Windows asyncio) don't support
+                        # add_signal_handler; fall back to no-op.
+                        signal.signal(sig, lambda *_: stop_event.set())
+
                 try:
-                    await asyncio.Event().wait()
+                    await stop_event.wait()
                 finally:
                     scheduler.shutdown(wait=False)
             finally:

src/cerbero_bite/safety/audit_log.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import hashlib
 import json
 import os
-from collections.abc import Iterator
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -176,10 +176,16 @@ class AuditLog:
     fsync'd before returning.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, path: str | Path) -> None:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: str | Path,
+        *,
+        on_append: Callable[[str], None] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
         self._path = Path(path)
         self._path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         self._last_hash: str = self._tail_hash() or GENESIS_HASH
+        self._on_append = on_append
 
     @property
     def path(self) -> Path:  # pragma: no cover — accessor used by callers only
@@ -237,6 +243,8 @@ class AuditLog:
             os.fsync(fh.fileno())
 
         self._last_hash = line_hash
+        if self._on_append is not None:
+            self._on_append(line_hash)
         return AuditEntry(
             timestamp=ts,
             event=event,

src/cerbero_bite/state/migrations/0002_audit_anchor.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+-- 0002_audit_anchor.sql — store the latest audit chain hash inside
+-- system_state so a truncation of the audit log file can be detected
+-- at boot (the file would still verify on its own, but the recorded
+-- anchor would not match the file's tail hash).
+
+ALTER TABLE system_state ADD COLUMN last_audit_hash TEXT;
+
+PRAGMA user_version = 2;

src/cerbero_bite/state/models.py

@@ -152,3 +152,4 @@ class SystemStateRecord(BaseModel):
     last_kelly_calib: datetime | None = None
     config_version: str
     started_at: datetime
+    last_audit_hash: str | None = None

src/cerbero_bite/state/repository.py

@@ -414,6 +414,7 @@ class Repository:
         row = conn.execute("SELECT * FROM system_state WHERE id = 1").fetchone()
         if row is None:
             return None
+        keys = row.keys()
         return SystemStateRecord(
             id=int(row["id"]),
             kill_switch=int(row["kill_switch"]),
@@ -423,6 +424,18 @@ class Repository:
             last_kelly_calib=_dec_dt(row["last_kelly_calib"]),
             config_version=row["config_version"],
             started_at=_dec_dt_required(row["started_at"]),
+            last_audit_hash=(
+                row["last_audit_hash"] if "last_audit_hash" in keys else None
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def set_last_audit_hash(
+        self, conn: sqlite3.Connection, *, hex_hash: str
+    ) -> None:
+        """Store the most recent audit chain hash. Called by AuditLog after append."""
+        conn.execute(
+            "UPDATE system_state SET last_audit_hash = ? WHERE id = 1",
+            (hex_hash,),
         )
 
     def set_kill_switch(

strategy.yaml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # the commit message.
 
 config_version: "1.0.0"
-config_hash: "a857dc4b187cbdf5ac3f04c4aad48ab7587659bc9a3139db206566e10e2fa5e5"
+config_hash: "f4bfebbb048bed7efa5c0fb71dc188619264edbe8dd09bb195bba8350e609d9c"
 last_review: "2026-04-26"
 last_reviewer: "Adriano"
 
@@ -96,6 +96,8 @@ exit:
     - "CLOSE_DELTA"
 
 execution:
+  environment: "testnet"        # testnet|mainnet — kill switch on broker mismatch
+  eur_to_usd: "1.075"           # default FX rate for sizing engine; override at boot
   combo_only: true
   initial_limit: "mid"
   reprice_step_ticks: 1

tests/integration/test_audit_anchor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+"""Tests for the audit chain anti-truncation anchor."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+from pytest_httpx import HTTPXMock
+
+from cerbero_bite.config import golden_config
+from cerbero_bite.config.mcp_endpoints import load_endpoints
+from cerbero_bite.runtime import build_runtime
+from cerbero_bite.runtime.orchestrator import Orchestrator
+from cerbero_bite.state import connect
+
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.httpx_mock(assert_all_responses_were_requested=False)
+
+
+def _now() -> datetime:
+    return datetime(2026, 4, 27, 14, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
+
+
+def _build(tmp_path: Path) -> Orchestrator:
+    ctx = build_runtime(
+        cfg=golden_config(),
+        endpoints=load_endpoints(env={}),
+        token="t",
+        db_path=tmp_path / "state.sqlite",
+        audit_path=tmp_path / "audit.log",
+        retry_max=1,
+        clock=_now,
+    )
+    return Orchestrator(
+        ctx,
+        expected_environment="testnet",
+        eur_to_usd=__import__("decimal").Decimal("1.075"),
+    )
+
+
+def _wire_boot_dependencies(httpx_mock: HTTPXMock) -> None:
+    httpx_mock.add_response(
+        url="http://mcp-deribit:9011/tools/environment_info",
+        json={
+            "exchange": "deribit",
+            "environment": "testnet",
+            "source": "env",
+            "env_value": "true",
+            "base_url": "https://test.deribit.com/api/v2",
+            "max_leverage": 3,
+        },
+        is_reusable=True,
+    )
+    httpx_mock.add_response(
+        url="http://mcp-deribit:9011/tools/get_positions",
+        json=[],
+        is_reusable=True,
+    )
+    httpx_mock.add_response(
+        url="http://mcp-macro:9013/tools/get_macro_calendar",
+        json={"events": []},
+        is_reusable=True,
+    )
+    httpx_mock.add_response(
+        url="http://mcp-sentiment:9014/tools/get_cross_exchange_funding",
+        json={"snapshot": {}},
+        is_reusable=True,
+    )
+    httpx_mock.add_response(
+        url="http://mcp-hyperliquid:9012/tools/get_funding_rate",
+        json={"asset": "ETH", "current_funding_rate": 0.0001},
+        is_reusable=True,
+    )
+    httpx_mock.add_response(
+        url="http://mcp-portfolio:9018/tools/get_total_portfolio_value",
+        json={"total_value_eur": 1000.0},
+        is_reusable=True,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_audit_anchor_persisted_after_append(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    orch = _build(tmp_path)
+    orch.context.audit_log.append(
+        event="TEST",
+        payload={"x": 1},
+        now=_now(),
+    )
+    conn = connect(tmp_path / "state.sqlite")
+    try:
+        state = orch.context.repository.get_system_state(conn)
+    finally:
+        conn.close()
+    assert state is not None
+    assert state.last_audit_hash == orch.context.audit_log.last_hash
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_boot_detects_audit_truncation(
+    tmp_path: Path, httpx_mock: HTTPXMock
+) -> None:
+    orch = _build(tmp_path)
+    # Append three lines so we have something to truncate.
+    for i in range(3):
+        orch.context.audit_log.append(
+            event=f"E{i}", payload={"i": i}, now=_now()
+        )
+
+    # Truncate the file: keep only the first line.
+    audit_path = tmp_path / "audit.log"
+    head = audit_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines(keepends=True)[0]
+    audit_path.write_text(head, encoding="utf-8")
+
+    # Rebuild orchestrator (the AuditLog tail-reads the file again).
+    orch = _build(tmp_path)
+
+    _wire_boot_dependencies(httpx_mock)
+    httpx_mock.add_response(
+        url="http://mcp-telegram:9017/tools/notify_system_error",
+        json={"ok": True},
+        is_reusable=True,
+    )
+
+    await orch.boot()
+    assert orch.context.kill_switch.is_armed() is True

tests/integration/test_monitor_cycle.py

@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ def _wire_market_data(
     *,
     spot: float = 3000.0,
     dvol: float = 50.0,
+    historical_close: float | None = None,
 ) -> None:
     httpx_mock.add_response(
         url="http://mcp-deribit:9011/tools/get_ticker",
@@ -109,6 +110,16 @@ def _wire_market_data(
         json={"currency": "ETH", "latest": dvol, "candles": []},
         is_reusable=True,
     )
+    # Bootstrap fallback for return_4h when dvol_history is empty.
+    httpx_mock.add_response(
+        url="http://mcp-deribit:9011/tools/get_historical",
+        json={
+            "candles": (
+                [{"close": historical_close}] if historical_close is not None else []
+            )
+        },
+        is_reusable=True,
+    )
 
 
 def _wire_position_quotes(

tests/unit/test_cli_healthcheck.py

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+"""Tests for the ``cerbero-bite healthcheck`` subcommand."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from click.testing import CliRunner
+
+from cerbero_bite.cli import main as cli_main
+from cerbero_bite.state import Repository, connect, run_migrations, transaction
+
+
+def _seed_state(db: Path, *, last_check: datetime, kill_switch: bool = False) -> None:
+    conn = connect(db)
+    try:
+        run_migrations(conn)
+        repo = Repository()
+        with transaction(conn):
+            repo.init_system_state(
+                conn, config_version="1.0.0", now=last_check
+            )
+            if kill_switch:
+                repo.set_kill_switch(
+                    conn, armed=True, reason="test", now=last_check
+                )
+            else:
+                repo.touch_health_check(conn, now=last_check)
+    finally:
+        conn.close()
+
+
+def test_healthcheck_exits_one_when_db_missing(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    result = CliRunner().invoke(
+        cli_main,
+        ["healthcheck", "--db", str(tmp_path / "absent.sqlite")],
+    )
+    assert result.exit_code == 1
+    assert "unhealthy" in result.output
+
+
+def test_healthcheck_exits_one_when_kill_switch_armed(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    db = tmp_path / "state.sqlite"
+    _seed_state(db, last_check=datetime.now(UTC), kill_switch=True)
+    result = CliRunner().invoke(cli_main, ["healthcheck", "--db", str(db)])
+    assert result.exit_code == 1
+    assert "kill switch" in result.output
+
+
+def test_healthcheck_exits_one_when_last_check_stale(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    db = tmp_path / "state.sqlite"
+    _seed_state(db, last_check=datetime.now(UTC) - timedelta(hours=1))
+    result = CliRunner().invoke(
+        cli_main,
+        ["healthcheck", "--db", str(db), "--max-staleness-s", "60"],
+    )
+    assert result.exit_code == 1
+    assert "stale" in result.output
+
+
+def test_healthcheck_exits_zero_on_recent_check(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    db = tmp_path / "state.sqlite"
+    _seed_state(db, last_check=datetime.now(UTC))
+    result = CliRunner().invoke(cli_main, ["healthcheck", "--db", str(db)])
+    assert result.exit_code == 0
+    assert "healthy" in result.output