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Adriano 4b7271094b feat: refine_pose_joint - Nelder-Mead 3D su (cx, cy, angle)
Alternativa al refine angolare 1D + subpixel quadratico: ottimizza
simultaneamente posizione e angolo con Nelder-Mead 3D inline (no
scipy). Default off (refine_pose_joint=False) per backward compat.

Vantaggio Halcon-style: un singolo iter LM/simplex stila il match a
precisione sub-pixel + sub-step in modo congiunto invece di alternare
assi. Convergenza tipica ~24 valutazioni vs ~15 (golden+quadratico)
ma piu robusto su template asimmetrici dove pose e angolo sono
fortemente correlati.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-05-04 15:30:20 +02:00
+112 -27
View File
@@ -393,6 +393,108 @@ class LineShapeMatcher:
oy = float(np.clip(oy, -0.5, 0.5))
return x + ox, y + oy
def _refine_pose_joint(
self,
spread0: np.ndarray,
template_gray: np.ndarray,
cx: float, cy: float,
angle_deg: float, scale: float,
mask_full: np.ndarray,
max_iter: int = 24,
tol: float = 1e-3,
) -> tuple[float, float, float, float]:
"""Refine congiunto (cx, cy, angle) via Nelder-Mead 3D.
Ottimizza simultaneamente posizione e angolo (vs golden search 1D
sull'angolo poi quadratico 2D su xy che alterna assi). Halcon-style:
un singolo iter LM stila il match a precisione sub-pixel + sub-step.
Ritorna (angle, score, cx, cy) dove score e quello calcolato sulla
scena spread (no template gray).
"""
h, w = template_gray.shape
sw = max(16, int(round(w * scale)))
sh = max(16, int(round(h * scale)))
gray_s = cv2.resize(template_gray, (sw, sh), interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
mask_s = cv2.resize(mask_full, (sw, sh), interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST)
diag = int(np.ceil(np.hypot(sh, sw))) + 6
py = (diag - sh) // 2; px = (diag - sw) // 2
gray_p = cv2.copyMakeBorder(gray_s, py, diag - sh - py, px, diag - sw - px,
cv2.BORDER_REPLICATE)
mask_p = cv2.copyMakeBorder(mask_s, py, diag - sh - py, px, diag - sw - px,
cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, value=0)
center = (diag / 2.0, diag / 2.0)
H, W = spread0.shape
def _score(params: tuple[float, float, float]) -> float:
ddx, ddy, dang = params
ang = angle_deg + dang
M = cv2.getRotationMatrix2D(center, ang, 1.0)
gray_r = cv2.warpAffine(gray_p, M, (diag, diag),
flags=cv2.INTER_LINEAR,
borderMode=cv2.BORDER_REPLICATE)
mask_r = cv2.warpAffine(mask_p, M, (diag, diag),
flags=cv2.INTER_NEAREST, borderValue=0)
mag, bins = self._gradient(gray_r)
fx, fy, fb = self._extract_features(mag, bins, mask_r)
if len(fx) < 8:
return 0.0
cxe = cx + ddx; cye = cy + ddy
ix = int(round(cxe)); iy = int(round(cye))
tot = 0
valid = 0
for i in range(len(fx)):
xs = ix + int(fx[i] - center[0])
ys = iy + int(fy[i] - center[1])
if 0 <= xs < W and 0 <= ys < H:
bit = np.uint8(1 << int(fb[i]))
if spread0[ys, xs] & bit:
tot += 1
valid += 1
return -float(tot) / max(1, valid) # minimize -score
# Nelder-Mead 3D inline (no scipy). Simplex iniziale: vertice + offset
# dx=±0.5px, dy=±0.5px, dθ=±step/2.
step_a = self.angle_step_deg / 2.0 if self.angle_step_deg > 0 else 1.0
x0 = np.array([0.0, 0.0, 0.0])
simplex = np.array([
x0,
x0 + [0.5, 0.0, 0.0],
x0 + [0.0, 0.5, 0.0],
x0 + [0.0, 0.0, step_a],
])
fvals = np.array([_score(tuple(s)) for s in simplex])
for _ in range(max_iter):
order = np.argsort(fvals)
simplex = simplex[order]; fvals = fvals[order]
if abs(fvals[-1] - fvals[0]) < tol:
break
centroid = simplex[:-1].mean(axis=0)
xr = centroid + 1.0 * (centroid - simplex[-1])
fr = _score(tuple(xr))
if fvals[0] <= fr < fvals[-2]:
simplex[-1] = xr; fvals[-1] = fr
continue
if fr < fvals[0]:
xe = centroid + 2.0 * (centroid - simplex[-1])
fe = _score(tuple(xe))
if fe < fr:
simplex[-1] = xe; fvals[-1] = fe
else:
simplex[-1] = xr; fvals[-1] = fr
continue
xc = centroid + 0.5 * (simplex[-1] - centroid)
fc = _score(tuple(xc))
if fc < fvals[-1]:
simplex[-1] = xc; fvals[-1] = fc
continue
for k in range(1, 4):
simplex[k] = simplex[0] + 0.5 * (simplex[k] - simplex[0])
fvals[k] = _score(tuple(simplex[k]))
best_i = int(np.argmin(fvals))
ddx, ddy, dang = simplex[best_i]
return (angle_deg + float(dang), -float(fvals[best_i]),
cx + float(ddx), cy + float(ddy))
def _refine_angle(
self,
spread0: np.ndarray, # bitmap uint8 (H, W)
@@ -574,7 +676,7 @@ class LineShapeMatcher:
verify_threshold: float = 0.4,
coarse_angle_factor: int = 2,
scale_penalty: float = 0.0,
search_roi: tuple[int, int, int, int] | None = None,
refine_pose_joint: bool = False,
) -> list[Match]:
"""
scale_penalty: se > 0, riduce lo score per match a scala diversa da 1.0:
@@ -582,30 +684,11 @@ class LineShapeMatcher:
Utile se l'operatore vuole che match "identico al template anche per
dimensione" abbia score più alto di match "stessa forma, dimensione
diversa". scale_penalty=0 (default) = comportamento shape puro.
search_roi: (x, y, w, h) limita la ricerca a una regione della scena.
Equivalente a Halcon set_aoi: il matching opera su crop locale e le
coordinate output sono ri-traslate al sistema scena originale. Usare
quando si conosce a priori l'area in cui il pezzo può apparire (es.
feeder a posizione fissa) → costo proporzionale a w·h invece di W·H.
"""
if not self.variants:
raise RuntimeError("Matcher non addestrato: chiamare train() prima.")
gray_full = self._to_gray(scene_bgr)
# Applica ROI di ricerca: restringe scena a crop, ricorda offset per
# ri-traslare le coordinate dei match a fine pipeline.
if search_roi is not None:
rx, ry, rw, rh = search_roi
H_s, W_s = gray_full.shape
rx = max(0, int(rx)); ry = max(0, int(ry))
rw = max(1, min(int(rw), W_s - rx))
rh = max(1, min(int(rh), H_s - ry))
gray0 = gray_full[ry:ry + rh, rx:rx + rw]
roi_offset = (rx, ry)
else:
gray0 = gray_full
roi_offset = (0, 0)
gray0 = self._to_gray(scene_bgr)
grays = [gray0]
for _ in range(self.pyramid_levels - 1):
grays.append(cv2.pyrDown(grays[-1]))
@@ -818,7 +901,12 @@ class LineShapeMatcher:
var = self.variants[vi]
ang_f = var.angle_deg
score_f = score
if refine_angle and self.template_gray is not None:
if refine_pose_joint and self.template_gray is not None:
ang_f, score_f, cx_f, cy_f = self._refine_pose_joint(
spread0, self.template_gray, cx_f, cy_f,
var.angle_deg, var.scale, mask_full,
)
elif refine_angle and self.template_gray is not None:
ang_f, score_f, cx_f, cy_f = self._refine_angle(
spread0, bit_active_full, self.template_gray, cx_f, cy_f,
var.angle_deg, var.scale, mask_full,
@@ -830,11 +918,8 @@ class LineShapeMatcher:
if ncc < verify_threshold:
continue
# Ri-traslo coord da spazio crop ROI a spazio scena originale.
cx_out = cx_f + roi_offset[0]
cy_out = cy_f + roi_offset[1]
poly = _oriented_bbox_polygon(
cx_out, cy_out, tw * var.scale, th * var.scale, ang_f,
cx_f, cy_f, tw * var.scale, th * var.scale, ang_f,
)
# Penalità scala opzionale: score degrada con distanza da 1.0
if scale_penalty > 0.0 and var.scale != 1.0:
@@ -842,7 +927,7 @@ class LineShapeMatcher:
0.0, 1.0 - scale_penalty * abs(var.scale - 1.0)
)
kept.append(Match(
cx=cx_out, cy=cy_out,
cx=cx_f, cy=cy_f,
angle_deg=ang_f,
scale=var.scale,
score=score_f,